Following example will use pharmer to create a Kubernetes cluster with 1 worker nodes and 3 master nodes (i,e, 4 nodes in your cluster) on Linode.
As a prerequisite, you need to have pharmer installed. To install pharmer use the setup guide
To store your cluster and credential resource, you can configure pharmer to use local file system or postgres database. In this document we will use local file system (vfs) as a storage provider. To know more click here
You can create a credential named linode by running
$ pharmer create credential linode
Follow this guide for more information here
There are two steps to create a Kubernetes cluster using pharmer. In first step pharmer create basic configuration file with user choice. Then in second step pharmer applies those information to create cluster on specific provider.
Here, we discuss how to use pharmer to create a Kubernetes cluster on linode
We want to create a cluster with following information:
For location code and sku details click hrere
Available options in pharmer to create a cluster are:
$ pharmer create cluster -h
Create a Kubernetes cluster for a given cloud provider
Usage:
pharmer create cluster [flags]
Aliases:
cluster, clusters, Cluster
Examples:
pharmer create cluster demo-cluster
Flags:
--credential-uid string Use preconfigured cloud credential uid
-h, --help help for cluster
--kubernetes-version string Kubernetes version
--masters int Number of masters (default 1)
--namespace string Namespace (default "default")
--network-provider string Name of CNI plugin. Available options: calico, flannel, kubenet, weavenet (default "calico")
--nodes stringToInt Node set configuration (default [])
-o, --owner string Current user id (default "tahsin")
--provider string Provider name
--zone string Cloud provider zone name
Global Flags:
--alsologtostderr log to standard error as well as files
--analytics Send analytical events to Google Guard (default true)
--config-file string Path to Pharmer config file
--env string Environment used to enable debugging (default "prod")
--kubeconfig string Paths to a kubeconfig. Only required if out-of-cluster.
--log_backtrace_at traceLocation when logging hits line file:N, emit a stack trace (default :0)
--log_dir string If non-empty, write log files in this directory
--logtostderr log to standard error instead of files (default true)
--master string The address of the Kubernetes API server. Overrides any value in kubeconfig. Only required if out-of-cluster.
--stderrthreshold severity logs at or above this threshold go to stderr
-v, --v Level log level for V logs
--vmodule moduleSpec comma-separated list of pattern=N settings for file-filtered logging
So, we need to run following command to create cluster with our information.
$ pharmer create cluster linode-1 \
--masters 3 \
--provider linode \
--zone us-central \
--nodes g6-standard-2=1 \
--credential-uid linode \
--kubernetes-version v1.13.5
To know about pod networks supports in pharmer click here
The directory structure of the storage provider will be look like:
~/.pharmer/store.d/$USER/clusters/
├── l1
│ ├── machine
│ │ ├── l1-master-0.json
│ │ ├── l1-master-1.json
│ │ └── l1-master-2.json
│ ├── machineset
│ │ └── g6-standard-2-pool.json
│ ├── pki
│ │ ├── ca.crt
│ │ ├── ca.key
│ │ ├── etcd
│ │ │ ├── ca.crt
│ │ │ └── ca.key
│ │ ├── front-proxy-ca.crt
│ │ ├── front-proxy-ca.key
│ │ ├── sa.crt
│ │ └── sa.key
│ └── ssh
│ ├── id_l1-sshkey
│ └── id_l1-sshkey.pub
└── l1.json
6 directories, 15 files
Here,
- machine: conntains information about the master machines to be deployed
- machineset: contains information about the machinesets to be deployed
- pki: contains the cluster certificate information containing ca, front-proxy-ca, etcd/ca and service account keys sa
- ssh: has the ssh credentials on cluster’s nodes. With this key you can ssh into any node on a cluster
- l1.json: contains the cluster resource information
You can view your cluster configuration file by following command.
$ pharmer get cluster l1 -o yaml
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: cluster.pharmer.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: l1
uid: 47ed5e2a-7856-11e9-8051-e0d55ee85d14
generation: 1558064758076986000
creationTimestamp: '2019-05-17T03:45:58Z'
spec:
clusterApi:
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: l1
namespace: default
creationTimestamp:
spec:
clusterNetwork:
services:
cidrBlocks:
- 10.96.0.0/12
pods:
cidrBlocks:
- 192.168.0.0/16
serviceDomain: cluster.local
providerSpec:
value:
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
metadata:
creationTimestamp:
status: {}
config:
masterCount: 1
cloud:
cloudProvider: linode
region: us-central
zone: us-central
instanceImage: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
networkProvider: calico
ccmCredentialName: linode
sshKeyName: l1-sshkey
linode:
rootPassword: 9GPOgQZbSZ4gwxT0
kubernetesVersion: v1.13.5
caCertName: ca
frontProxyCACertName: front-proxy-ca
credentialName: linode
apiServerExtraArgs:
kubelet-preferred-address-types: InternalIP,ExternalIP
status:
phase: Pending
cloud:
loadBalancer:
dns: ''
ip: ''
port: 0
You can modify this configuration by:
$ pharmer edit cluster l1
If everything looks ok, we can now apply the resources. This actually creates resources on linode.
Up to now we’ve only been working locally.
To apply run:
$ pharmer apply l1
Now, pharmer will apply that configuration, this create a Kubernetes cluster. After completing task the configuration file of the cluster will be look like
pharmer get cluster l1 -o yaml
---
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: cluster.pharmer.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: l1
uid: 47ed5e2a-7856-11e9-8051-e0d55ee85d14
generation: 1558065344523630600
creationTimestamp: '2019-05-17T03:45:58Z'
spec:
clusterApi:
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: l1
namespace: default
creationTimestamp:
spec:
clusterNetwork:
services:
cidrBlocks:
- 10.96.0.0/12
pods:
cidrBlocks:
- 192.168.0.0/16
serviceDomain: cluster.local
providerSpec:
value:
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
metadata:
creationTimestamp:
status:
apiEndpoints:
- host: 96.126.119.162
port: 6443
providerStatus:
metadata:
creationTimestamp:
network:
apiServerLb:
client_conn_throttle: 20
hostname: nb-96-126-119-162.dallas.nodebalancer.linode.com
id: 47809
ipv4: 96.126.119.162
ipv6: 2600:3c00:1::607e:77a2
label: l1-lb
region: us-central
tags: []
config:
masterCount: 3
cloud:
cloudProvider: linode
region: us-central
zone: us-central
instanceImage: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
networkProvider: calico
ccmCredentialName: linode
sshKeyName: l1-sshkey
linode:
rootPassword: 9GPOgQZbSZ4gwxT0
kernelId: linode/latest-64bit
kubernetesVersion: v1.13.5
caCertName: ca
frontProxyCACertName: front-proxy-ca
credentialName: linode
apiServerExtraArgs:
kubelet-preferred-address-types: InternalIP,ExternalIP
status:
phase: Ready
cloud:
loadBalancer:
dns: ''
ip: 96.126.119.162
port: 6443
Here,
status.phase: is ready. So, you can use your cluster from local machine.status.clusterApi.status.apiEndpoints is the cluster’s apiserver addressTo get the kubectl configuration file(kubeconfig) on your local filesystem run the following command.
$ pharmer use cluster l1
If you don’t have kubectl installed click here
Now you can run kubectl get nodes and verify that your kubernetes v1.13.5 is running.
Now you can run kubectl get nodes and verify that your kubernetes 1.13.5 is running.
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
l1-master-0 Ready master 6m21s v1.13.5
l1-master-1 Ready master 3m10s v1.13.5
l1-master-2 Ready master 2m7s v1.13.5
g6-standard-2-pool-5pft6 Ready node 56s v1.13.5
Scaling a cluster refers following meanings - Add new master and worker machines - Increment the number of nodes of a certain machine-set and machine-deployment - Decrement the number of nodes of a certain machine-set and machine-deployment - Introduce a new machine-set and machine-deployment with a number of nodes - Delete existing machine, machine-set and machine-deployments
You can see the machine and machine-sets deployed in the cluster
$ kubectl get machines
NAME AGE
g6-standard-2-pool-pft6v 4m
l1-master-0 4m
l1-master-1 4m
l1-master-2 4m
$ kubectl get machinesets
NAME AGE
g6-standard-2-pool 5m
You can create new master machine by the deploying the following yaml
kind: Machine
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: l1-master-3
labels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ''
set: controlplane
spec:
providerSpec:
value:
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
roles:
- Master
region: us-central
type: g6-standard-2
image: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
pubkey: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+e0+nNjre2JoHDySl1HiWsWmwLyIs1+KbQIM/15JKgQLA4PpkrVwOQkxjZOA+ozBoBgilAFLbca5ERUXeMz8nMoF1+JxwUoqSAeeA7PB1ZyU78r7c0nb1OMcMxituHZnpwtXxbsAAWMXBiEQx8IrlttJrlaD/7IP+jlSzwCyLOAVU/86euC+2bVi6SxnbVNy+POmrwncAx1VXHLP2o1zM9L+ENhYwR1YNfBeQse1zqSafgxEFU9SCrJGbnq6mJNS3U/dVg96Aj4QCYuC8wB7Nmca7U7/3EjTa+rXHzc5g1lqcHI2s26niK34kPLiu8vxp9k2Gkw2Me88Z4J60dScD
versions:
kubelet: v1.13.5
controlPlane: v1.13.5
You can create new worker machines by deploying the following yaml
kind: Machine
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: l1-master-0
creationTimestamp: '2019-05-17T03:45:59Z'
labels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
node-role.kubernetes.io/node: ''
set: node
spec:
providerSpec:
value:
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
roles:
- Node
region: us-central
type: g6-standard-2
image: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
pubkey: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+e0+nNjre2JoHDySl1HiWsWmwLyIs1+KbQIM/15JKgQLA4PpkrVwOQkxjZOA+ozBoBgilAFLbca5ERUXeMz8nMoF1+JxwUoqSAeeA7PB1ZyU78r7c0nb1OMcMxituHZnpwtXxbsAAWMXBiEQx8IrlttJrlaD/7IP+jlSzwCyLOAVU/86euC+2bVi6SxnbVNy+POmrwncAx1VXHLP2o1zM9L+ENhYwR1YNfBeQse1zqSafgxEFU9SCrJGbnq6mJNS3U/dVg96Aj4QCYuC8wB7Nmca7U7/3EjTa+rXHzc5g1lqcHI2s26niK34kPLiu8vxp9k2Gkw2Me88Z4J60dScD
versions:
kubelet: v1.13.5
You can create new machinesets by deploying the following yaml
kind: MachineSet
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: g6-standard-2-pool
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/mg: g6-standard-2
template:
metadata:
labels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/cluster: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/mg: g6-standard-2
node-role.kubernetes.io/node: ''
set: node
spec:
providerSpec:
value:
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
roles:
- Node
region: us-central
type: g6-standard-2
image: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
pubkey: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+e0+nNjre2JoHDySl1HiWsWmwLyIs1+KbQIM/15JKgQLA4PpkrVwOQkxjZOA+ozBoBgilAFLbca5ERUXeMz8nMoF1+JxwUoqSAeeA7PB1ZyU78r7c0nb1OMcMxituHZnpwtXxbsAAWMXBiEQx8IrlttJrlaD/7IP+jlSzwCyLOAVU/86euC+2bVi6SxnbVNy+POmrwncAx1VXHLP2o1zM9L+ENhYwR1YNfBeQse1zqSafgxEFU9SCrJGbnq6mJNS3U/dVg96Aj4QCYuC8wB7Nmca7U7/3EjTa+rXHzc5g1lqcHI2s26niK34kPLiu8vxp9k2Gkw2Me88Z4J60dScD
versions:
kubelet: v1.13.5
You can create new machine-deployments by deploying the following yaml
kind: MachineDeployment
apiVersion: cluster.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
name: g6-standard-2-pool
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/mg: g6-standard-2
template:
metadata:
labels:
cluster.k8s.io/cluster-name: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/cluster: l1
cluster.pharmer.io/mg: g6-standard-2
node-role.kubernetes.io/node: ''
set: node
spec:
providerSpec:
value:
kind: LinodeClusterProviderConfig
apiVersion: linodeproviderconfig/v1alpha1
roles:
- Node
region: us-central
type: g6-standard-2
image: linode/ubuntu16.04lts
pubkey: ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+e0+nNjre2JoHDySl1HiWsWmwLyIs1+KbQIM/15JKgQLA4PpkrVwOQkxjZOA+ozBoBgilAFLbca5ERUXeMz8nMoF1+JxwUoqSAeeA7PB1ZyU78r7c0nb1OMcMxituHZnpwtXxbsAAWMXBiEQx8IrlttJrlaD/7IP+jlSzwCyLOAVU/86euC+2bVi6SxnbVNy+POmrwncAx1VXHLP2o1zM9L+ENhYwR1YNfBeQse1zqSafgxEFU9SCrJGbnq6mJNS3U/dVg96Aj4QCYuC8wB7Nmca7U7/3EjTa+rXHzc5g1lqcHI2s26niK34kPLiu8vxp9k2Gkw2Me88Z4J60dScD
versions:
kubelet: v1.13.5
You can also update number of nodes of an existing machine-set and machine-deployment using
$ kubectl edit <machineset-name>
$ kubectl edit <machinedeployment-name>
and update the spec.replicas field
You can delete machines using
$ kubectl delete machine <machine-name>
Warning: if the machine is controlled by a machineset, a new machine will be created. You should update/delete machineset in that case
You can delete machine-set and machine-deployments using
$ kubectl delete machineset <machineset-name>
$ kubectl delete machinedeployment <machinedeployment-name>
You can deploy new master machines with specifying new version in spec.version.controlPlane and spec.version.kubelet. After new master machines are ready, you can safely delete old ones
You can upgrade worker machines by editing machine-deployment
$ kubectl edit machinedeployments <machinedeployment-name>
and updating the spec.version.kubelet
To upgrade machinesets, you have to deploy new machinesets with specifying new version in spec.template.spec.version.kubelet
After new machines are ready, you can safely delete old machine-sets
To delete your cluster run
$ pharmer delete cluster l1
Then, the yaml file looks like
$ pharmer get cluster l1 -o yaml
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: cluster.pharmer.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: l1
uid: 379d4d7f-77c1-11e9-b997-e0d55ee85li4
generation: 1558000735696016100
creationTimestamp: '2019-05-16T09:58:55Z'
deletionTimestamp: '2019-05-16T10:38:54Z'
...
...
status:
phase: Deleting
...
...
Here,
metadata.deletionTimestamp: is set when cluster deletion command was applied.Now, to apply delete operation of the cluster, run
$ pharmer apply l1
Congratulations !!! , you’re an official pharmer user now.